New: Be A GM College lets you run your NIL budget, fight the portal, and play the season. Try it.
NFL Encyclopedia / Stats & Analytics

EPA per Play, Explained

What is EPA per play?

EPA per play is expected points added divided by the number of plays. It is the efficiency version of EPA: instead of asking how many points an offense produced, it asks how many it produced per snap, so a team that ran 50 plays can be compared to one that ran 75. It is the single team stat most analysts check first.

Updated Sept. 16, 2026.

EPA per Play right now

Through Week 1, the Chicago Bears lead the league in EPA per play at +0.409, better than 98.7% of every team's start through the same week since 1999. The Denver Broncos are last at -0.344 (6.2%).

Offensive EPA per play by team, 2026 through Week 1

#TeamEPA per playPlays
1Chicago Bears+0.40970
2New York Giants+0.36965
3Jacksonville Jaguars+0.33853
4Baltimore Ravens+0.32160
5Buffalo Bills+0.22952
6Dallas Cowboys+0.22152
7Carolina Panthers+0.18262
8San Francisco 49ers+0.17964
9New York Jets+0.16860
10Kansas City Chiefs+0.16464
11Arizona Cardinals+0.14469
12Philadelphia Eagles+0.07151
13Houston Texans+0.06973
14Seattle Seahawks+0.06647
15Washington Commanders+0.06068
16Detroit Lions+0.00073
17Cincinnati Bengals-0.00262
18Minnesota Vikings-0.02059
19New Orleans Saints-0.03186
20Las Vegas Raiders-0.03964
21New England Patriots-0.11067
22Tennessee Titans-0.11949
23Green Bay Packers-0.17567
24Cleveland Browns-0.18449
25Tampa Bay Buccaneers-0.18551
26Miami Dolphins-0.23650
27Indianapolis Colts-0.24153
28Los Angeles Chargers-0.24451
29Los Angeles Rams-0.26556
30Pittsburgh Steelers-0.30361
31Atlanta Falcons-0.32157
32Denver Broncos-0.34446

How EPA per play works

Total EPA rewards volume. A team that gets a lot of possessions, or plays fast, runs more plays and has more chances to add up expected points. Dividing by plays strips that out and leaves efficiency: how much the offense gained, on average, every time it snapped the ball.

On offense, higher is better. On defense, EPA per play allowed is the same number from the other side, and lower is better. The two together explain most of a team's point differential, which is why power ratings built on EPA per play tend to track the betting market closely.

The number is small. A full-season team offense lives between roughly -0.15 and +0.15 EPA per play. That range covers the worst offense in the league and the best, so a difference of 0.05 is large, not a rounding error.

EPA per Play example in the NFL

In 2024 the Ravens finished near +0.15 EPA per play on offense, the best in the league, while the Browns finished near -0.15. Over 1,000 plays that 0.30 gap is about 300 points of expected scoring, which is roughly the difference between a 12-win team and a 4-win team.

How It's Calculated

EPA per play = total EPA / number of plays, over whatever sample you choose (a game, a season, only passes, only first downs). Most published versions exclude kneel-downs and spikes. Passing EPA per dropback and rushing EPA per carry are the same idea split by play type.

What is a good EPA per play for a team?

Over a full season, anything above +0.10 is elite, +0.05 is clearly good, 0 is league average, and below -0.05 is a bad offense. Early in a season the spread is much wider because two games of noise have not washed out yet.

Why is passing EPA per play higher than rushing?

Because passing gains more per attempt and reaches the big plays that swing expected points. The average dropback is worth roughly +0.05 EPA and the average carry roughly -0.05. That gap is the main reason analysts push teams to throw more on early downs.

Does EPA per play account for opponent?

The raw number does not. Opponent-adjusted versions exist, and they matter most early in the season when one team has played two bad defenses and another has played two good ones.

See It In Action

Category: Stats & Analytics. Part of the StickToTheModel NFL Encyclopedia.

Definitions written for the numbers on this site. Something wrong or missing? How we work.